Consider the representation of women in James Bond films

Since 1962, when the primary film was created, an aggregate of 22 James Bond films have been made. The James Bond establishment has become incredibly mainstream and notable everywhere throughout the world. Albeit each film is remarkable in its own particular manner and the storyline contrasts from film to film, there are sure conventional highlights that have become things the crowd perceives and hopes to discover in all Bond films. These highlights incorporate weapon battles, vehicle pursues (as a rule including an Aston Martin), outlandish areas, devices, scalawags and last, however absolutely not least, young ladies. These things make up a sort of ‘Bond mixed drink' that the crowd of these movies has come to adore and that has made these movies as fruitful as they seem to be. Umberto Eco portrayed the Bond account as, ‘a arrangement of proceeds onward a chess board, with characters playing out their standard capacities. ‘ This alludes to how the Bond films all have comparable pieces or fixings and they each have a section to play to make up this ‘Bond mixed drink' like how chess pieces all have various moves they can make. One of the most significant of those nonexclusive highlights is the Bond young ladies. Bond young ladies likewise have certain standards that the crowd anticipates that them should satisfy in the movies and they have gotten popular for. The undertones of the term Bond young ladies are ordinarily alluring, attractive and explicitly accessible, particularly to Bond. In any case, Bond is frequently observed to utilize the ladies as toys for his pleasure that he regularly lays down with and afterward disposes of. They are normally depicted as requiring Bond's insurance and acting in an exceptionally inactive and accommodating way towards Bond. In any case, it is easily proven wrong regarding whether this isn't the situation with all ladies in Bond movies and a few people accept that some Bond ladies are freed and they use Bond themselves as opposed to it being the other route round. The meaning of freed is ‘not limited by conventional or sexual jobs' and for this to apply to the female characters in Bond films they would need to abstain from satisfying their customary jobs in the movies. The customary job of ladies would be as housewives that stay at home and do residential undertakings while the men go out to work. In sexual terms ladies would generally get hitched and settle down and just have sexual relations with one man. A major customary job of ladies is that they are underdog to men and men are progressively predominant and have control over ladies. Two Bond films where ladies play exceptionally huge parts and are displayed in various manners are, ‘Goldfinger' and ‘The World Is Not Enough'. Goldfinger was first screened in 1964 and was one of the primary Bond films created; when crowds were simply being acquainted with the ‘Bond mixed drink' and all the more explicitly, Bond young ladies. The story follows Bond as he attempts to ruin the plans of the reprobate Goldfinger who means to defile all the gold in Fort Knox with the goal that his own gold increments drastically in esteem. This would seriously harm the world economy and Bond needs to prevent Goldfinger from exploding an atomic bomb so as to spare the gold. One of the principle ladies in this film is Pussy Galore; she is a pilot utilized by Goldfinger that is over and again given the activity of accompanying and dealing with Bond, before exchanging sides, with Bond's impact, and assisting with halting Goldfinger. The other two ladies that play significant parts in the film are sisters, Jill and Tilly Masterson. Jill at first works for Goldfinger, before meeting with Bond and afterward being murdered by Goldfinger as discipline. Following this, Tilly endeavors to kill Goldfinger for retribution; anyway she gets associated with Bond in the process before additionally being slaughtered by Goldfinger's partner in crime, Oddjob. ‘The World Is Not Enough' was discharged right around 40 years after the fact in 1999, which means it was focused on a progressively current crowd and this is obvious all through the film. The storyline is like that of ‘Goldfinger', as a reprobate (this time a man called Renard) is endeavoring to explode a stretch of oil pipe line with an atomic bomb, which means the main flexibly of oil can come through one pipeline. This pipeline is claimed by Elektra King who is at first intended to be honest and under Bond's insurance until it is uncovered she is working with Renard. Bond at that point faces the errand of halting the bomb with the assistance of an atomic physicist called Dr. Christmas Jones. Aside from Christmas and Elektra there is one other lady that has a major job in the film and that is M (head of MI6); which appears differently in relation to ‘Goldfinger' in which M was a man. In the 1960's the jobs of ladies were changing a great deal. During the Second World War ladies had been allowed the chance to proceed to do â€Å"men's† occupations in production lines as the men were abroad battling the war. After this ladies started to draw nearer to fairness with men and they began to have their own opportunity. They were not, at this point just housewives that were second rate compared to men and this mentality proceeded into the 1960's. In Goldfinger this is noticeable on the grounds that the ladies in Pussy Galore's flying carnival are pilots, which is a serious troublesome and entangled employment. In any case, there are likewise parts of this film show that ladies might not have arrived at complete fairness with men yet, as a portion of the female characters seem feeble both genuinely and intellectually and are kept separate from significant occasions. Women's liberation is tied in with perceiving the requirement for ladies to have correspondence with men and women's activists work to make that uniformity. In history there have been three significant rushes of woman's rights and one of those occurred soon after the Second World War, proceeding up until the beginning of the 60's. This flood in ladies crusading for uniformity worked close by the way that ladies had substantiated themselves in men's employments during the war and, albeit a few men hated it, ladies made an exceptionally enormous advance towards full correspondence with men. In the 1990's, perspectives towards ladies had changed much more and were fundamentally the same as today. Ladies had balance with men and could essentially carry out any responsibility that would have before been viewed as work only for men. This is appeared in ‘The World Is Not Enough' where Dr. Christmas Jones is an atomic physicist which is an incredibly difficult activity and she should be exceptionally clever to do it. In any case, a portion of the Bond young ladies in the film despite everything appear to simply be utilized as sexual items by Bond and this would recommend they are not completely freed regardless of arriving at correspondence with men. Two key pieces of both the movies are the initial credits. In ‘Goldfinger' pictures from the film are anticipated onto the body of a lady, who is painted in gold, utilizing multi-layering. The undertones of gold are things like valuable and creatively satisfying and this could be an allegorical image for ladies, as the young lady is unmoving and extremely uninvolved so she gives off an impression of being something to be taken a gander at and acknowledged outwardly. Gold is likewise a high worth item that can be purchased and sold and this could likewise represent ladies being practically similar to assets that men can possess and that they can be purchased and exchanged. Be that as it may, the ladies is additionally wearing a swimsuit, which was a chic thing of attire in the 60's and could be worn just to accentuate that the lady is to be taken a gander at in light of the fact that it is an extremely noteworthy garment. In any case, this could likewise show the freedom of ladies since it shows the more liberal mentality of the 60's that permitted ladies to be increasingly open and free explicitly. The initial credits in ‘The World Is Not Enough' vary marginally from those in ‘Goldfinger' as there is presently more than one young lady and they are shrouded in oil instead of gold. This shows the film is increasingly present day, as oil is presumably now as, if not progressively, significant than gold and this implies it has indistinguishable sort of meanings from gold; it is over the top expensive and valuable. In any case, these titles differentiation to those in ‘Goldfinger' in light of the fact that the ladies are significantly progressively dynamic and are moving, yet they are moving in a serious provocative manner which could mean the crowd is being welcome to take a gander at them and respect them, which is like ‘Goldfinger'. The young ladies are likewise totally exposed which speaks to how ladies have become considerably more explicitly freed since ‘Goldfinger' and bareness had gotten progressively adequate with the crowd. A significant piece of the titles in ‘The World Is Not Enough' is the tune and all the more explicitly the verses. Initially, the melody is sung by a lady and the eminent verse is, ‘We realize when to kiss, we realize when to murder. ‘ This proposes ladies are extremely savvy and mischievous and can be executioners simply as they can be darlings, which conflicts with the conventional thought that they are loving and maternal and not vicious by any stretch of the imagination. This could likewise be legitimately connected to the character of Elektra King who utilizes her body all through the film to allure men to get her own particular manner and is additionally engaged with her dad's homicide toward the beginning. In ‘Goldfinger', the primary female character we meet is an artist. She is very alluring and sparsely clad, which demonstrates she is dressed to be taken a gander at and to engage the men she is moving for. This is appeared by a high edge camera shot that at first selects her among the men and they are on the whole seeing her body. At the point when Bond is addressing his companion he investigates at the artist and says, ‘I have some incomplete business to take care of. ‘ This is very disdainful on the grounds that he isn't alluding to her as an individual, which additionally recommends she doesn't mean particularly to him. The word ‘business' is particularly significant here in light of the fact that he is somewhat saying she resembles work that he needs to finish and that's it. At the point when he at that point goes to see her she is at first bare in the shower and there is a camera shot of her sans protection, this shows she is helpless and Bond has the force in the circumstance since he is completely dressed and remaining over her. At that point when she goes to kiss Bond he incidentally jabs

The second is the exegetical or neoAugustinian

Our work is an artistic examination of 'Beowulf' that centers around the abstract work yet not history of the sonnet. It’s going to be look into how the story could be seen as bravery with the demise of the legend. Be that as it may, from the start we should audit basic compositions. Two principle basic methodologies have ruled the field over the most recent thirty years. The first is the application to Old English section of the oral-equation based hypothesis that Milman Parry and Albert Lord created out of their investigation of contemporary South-Slavic oral poetry.1 The second is the analytical or neoAugustinian type of translation related especially with the name of D. W. Robertson in the region of medieval English writing. 2 A significant explanation behind the fame of the initial two hypotheses is that they appear to offer organized ways to deal with a verse that for some, advanced perusers comes up short on any unmistakable and recognizable structure. Envision for a se cond the guileless first responses to Beowulf of a peruser up to this point acclimated uniquely to present day writing (I. e. , writing in Modern English, since Shakespeare).Such a peruser will react rapidly and decidedly to a portion of the sonnet's portrayals of vicious activity; will discover inquisitively appealing a portion of the colorful climate of mead-lobby and mythical serpent hill; and may encounter natural feelings when perusing a couple of profoundly expressive sections. Be that as it may, without a doubt the individual in question will discover huge segments of the sonnet innovatively dormant †slowmoving, excess, educational, regularly just misty. Such a peruser - I should admit that this current belligerent third party I have as a main priority is myself at a beginning period †may ask why on the planet the artist has decided to coordinate his consideration where he does.Why does he keep eagerly making similar focuses and recounting to the equivalent kindsof illustrative stories again and again, yet invest so desolately little energy in the abstract things we have been educated to think significant? On portrayal, for example, with its issues of advancement, intricacy, clear inspiration; on lavishness of detail in the normal and physical foundation; on casual, characteristic, and â€Å"real† cooperations between individuals; on an expansive or â€Å"rounded† or amusing perspective on the world the writer presents.If we judge Beowulf by novelistic guidelines, it shows us a cast of luxuriously dressed and stuffed (or stodgy) mannequins, consistently prepared to rehash the self-evident, carrying on customs as dark as they are arduous. The significance of Beowulf in building up, from a scholarly basic perspective, the authoritative epic style in Old English verse can't be overstated. Beowulf and the Waldere pieces were held to establish ‘the just story sonnets in an old Teutonic lingo that in regard of their scale can be contrasted and the legends of other lands'.3 For most perusers today the epic nature of Beowulf isn't in question. 4 Since Beowulf was clearly ‘epic', it must be an initially orally made sonnet to which Christian shading was later included. 5 Now look all the more carefully at the abnormal content of Beowulf. On composed pages, composed (at any rate in this sole enduring composition) about the year 1000, however most likely replicated from before renditions, 6 we discover a book to a great extent made out of recipes. A solid occurrence may serve to represent this thought of constraint. That exceptionally customary monster the mythical serpent is a straightforward example.If a winged serpent, a wyrm, a draca, shows up in a given section, we can be certain that the terms applied to it and the activities it performs will all lie well inside a little compass of show. In what follows, the numbers in enclosures show my unpleasant check of the â€Å"formulaic† sobriquets and e xpressions applied to different parts of the mythical serpent in Beowulf. The tally must be estimated, since there is a lot of covering. It will be noted immediately that a few viewpoints are plentifully, even needlessly, exemplified and restated.Though there is sufficient variety inside every one of these tight bunches of examples, and however this variety undoubtedly frames a striking component of the style (honestly one our fledgling peruser will require some an opportunity to value), the instances of variety never run far outside a definitely limited number of fixed bases. We may call these bases typical desires. Oral verse as we see it in Beowulf is correctly, forbiddingly, the verse of typical desires. They show up in all its patterns.More explicit terms for a portion of these examples (however my utilization of terms will do not have the thorough lucidity of definition the scholar requests) incorporate the accompanying: sobriquets constantly connected to characters or items ( ece drihten ‘eternal ruler' or eald sweord ‘ancient blade', the ascribes bolted tight to their things); type-characters (the thoughtful mead-pouring sovereign Wealhtheow); conventional account successions (journeys, blessing giving, battles); gnomic statements of changeless moral qualities (swa sceal man wear ‘thus should a man [always] do'); certain intensely emblematic articles (weapons, ships, corridors, hand trucks); stock settings and props (seats to sit on, cups to drink from); ongoing utilization of complexity to feature and characterize (the blending for impact of good Sigemund and underhanded Heremod); certain unmistakable passionate tones or mentalities (gloating, the â€Å"elegiac† tone), with their own trademark vocabularies. Such an inventory is just a fragmented framework, and regardless is inadequate in light of the fact that it can't show the confused entwining of these different constituents that is so on a very basic level common of the ver se.Although medievalists are flawlessly acquainted with level sort characters of the sort we find in Beowulf, such characters may introduce some issue to perusers progressively acclimated with the nuances of portrayal in later writing. Customary sorts †the respected and insightful old lord, the seriously enduring lady, the legend strangely and remotely enveloped by his sacrosanct savagery, the ravening beast from heck, the â€Å"twisted† youthful ruler unceremoniously pitched quick off Fortune's Wheel †these sorts can appear to be whimsically straightforward. Precisely: they are to be sure the original society characters of our fantasies. Let us initially consider the instance of Unferth, a character who has continually been made more intriguing than he truly is, fanatically adjusted by the pundits into progressively mind boggling and satisfying shapes.If Unferth truly is a conventional kind character in medieval writing, at that point variations of the essential so rt should assist us with finding the correct classification for him. A few orders that have been recommended would mark Unferth as Evil Counselor, or All-Licensed Fool, or Official Court Guest-Tester, or Tolerated Coward (like Sir Kay in some Arthurian stories), or Raw Youth (like the provincial Perceval), maybe needing the direction of a prepared warrior-coach who will clean his habits and uplift his fearlessness. However Unferth appears to meander over the limits between these classifications in a befuddling way. He might be some new sort unrecorded somewhere else, a blend of a few kinds, or even no sort at everything except another innovation of the artist, however this last is unlikely.The major hindrance to pundits, obviously, has been the divergence between the reality, from one perspective, that Unferth is indicated not just as bombing the express trial of chivalry at the negligible's edge (1465-71a) yet as being forcefully denounced by Beowulf (in the warmth of the flyting, 581b-94) for weakness as well as for having executed his own siblings, and the reality, then again, that he clearly holds a position of respect at Hrothgar's court and liberally loans Beowulf his blade, a represent which the legend energetically says thanks to him. As far as the predominant chivalrous estimations of the sonnet, by what means can Unferth accordingly demonstrate himself to be both terrible and great? Unferth has significant job as a representative for the network of Danes. Beowulf's striking class in his progressive conferences with the Danes he met as he advanced toward Heorot appeared to be proof for his own attention to this potential tension.The Danes must decide if the Geat is only a meandering hotshot and showoff, coming fordolgilpe and forwlenco, out of absurd pretentiousness and pride. In the event that he is, it would be really mortifying for them to sell out their own urgent requirement for help by treating such a courageous fake with deference. Subsequently , regardless of whether Beowulf's all around picked words had mollified a portion of the Danes, all things considered, not all were prepared to grasp the guest. Unferth's sharp test of Beowulf may in this manner drastically fill a mental requirement for the Danes all in all. At any rate, taking Unferth as the representative for some, Danes forestalls any need to clarify why they show no dissatisfaction with his test to Beowulf. Unferth doesn't remain around in the lobby sufficiently long to be murdered by Grendel.But considering him to be one of these egotists over the brew cup would disclose later references to Unferth as a big talker. We ought to recollect that we absolutely never hear Unferth boasting, however the writer lets us know (499-505) that Unferth despises hearing any warrior applauded as being any better than he may be, a disposition reliable with being a big talker. Be that as it may, his solitary discourse, the test to Beowulf, is no gloat. There Unferth makes the cha rge that it is Beowulf who is a vacant boaster with a low chivalrous FICO score, while Breca, Beowulf's rival in the swimming-race, isn't. Afterward, when Unferth gives the blade Hrunting to Beowulf to use in the insignificant battle, the artist reveals to us that the Dane doesn't recall what he had said when he was flushed (1465-68a).What must be alluded to here isn't the event of his assault on Beowulf which we saw however some brag we never really heard (yet can deduce from Hrothgar's portrayal just cited), since the writer's comment is quickly trailed by the explanation that Unferth himself didn't set out to chance his own life in the minor. This is definitely not a particular disappointment. Neither did some other Dane. In this, Unferth indeed appears to be only agent. In any case, o

5 Books to Watch for in April

5 Books to Watch for in April April is one of the kindest months for your soul. The weather starts to perk up, you get a little more comfortable wearing flip flops, and the hammock feels so nice. There are some really great new releases headed your way, all across the spectrum. The Interestings by Meg Wolitzer (Riverhead): This book is AMAZE. Meg Wolitzer is able to use her savvy social observations and spin them into a thick, unstoppable, panoramic novel. A group of teenagers meet at a summer camp for artists and form a life-long friendship that seems improbable, but it works. Consider  it a book for the long-haul. Youll be glad you spent a lot of time with it. And Then I Found You by Patti Callahan Henry (St. Martins Press): A quick read with high marks for heartstrings tugging. A woman and the daughter she placed for adoption are reunited through the power of Facebook. Patti was inspired by a real life experience from her own family, which she explains in the introduction. The whole reading experience was like watching a Lifetime movie in my jammers on a Sunday afternoonand I loved it. Lets Explore Diabetes with Owls by David Sedaris (Little, Brown and Company): I was a little disappointed with Squirrel Seeks Chipmunk, but applaud Sedaris for his creativity. Well, hes back! This time, he is taking us on a world tour with him. Classic Sedaris essays, outrageous subjects. Just the way we like him. Life After Life by Kate Atkinson (Reagan Arthur Books): You know those books people keep telling you about, and you kind of want them to stop? Thats Life After Life. Ursula Todd is born on a blustery night in 1910, and she dies before she can take her first breath. But oh wait, she didnt die, she gets to start over. But then she dies. Oh wait, no she didnt. Not easy to explain, but easy for me to say, “READ THIS.” Gulp: Adventures in the Alimentary Canal by Mary Roach (W.W. Norton Company): Because its really fun when someone else asks gross questions you really want to know the answers to AND laughs about it. Roach has tackled cadavers, space, bonking, and now digestion. If you havent experienced a Mary Roach book, you really should. _________________________ Sign up for our newsletter to have the best of Book Riot delivered straight to your inbox every two weeks. No spam. We promise. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

The Problem Of Crime Rates - 968 Words

Overview of the Problem I currently the Chief of Police in Savannah, Georgia and the problem that our city in currently facing is an increase in the crime rate in the city especially in the area of violent crimes. Violent crime rose 8.8 percent in 2014 over the previous year with robberies and shooting accounting for most of those crimes. The city reported 32 homicides in 2014, which was two more than 2013, and the number of rapes increased from 49 to 64. The City Manager and City Council has informed me that these numbers are unacceptable and in an effort to control, the rising crime rate I propose the following measures (McCammon, 2015). Constraints and Lack of Resources One of the largest constraints due to lack of resources we face in controlling crime in the Savannah Police Department is the shortage of police officers. On any given week between the five different precincts there can be a shortage of 50 to 60 officers overall. 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Pell Grant What You Need to Know

Fire in Lord of the Flies Free Essays

In the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding. one of the main elements of the plot is a fire created by the boys. While the fire’s foremost purpose Is for rescue, It also represents other underlying symbolistic themes. We will write a custom essay sample on Fire in Lord of the Flies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Order is one ot the tlrst things established once the fire is built. The fire’s initial purpose, to get the kids rescued, represents hope. Also, the very being of the fire represents the Idea of life. From the very beginning of the novel, Ralph is determined to keep a signal fire going, in case d ship passes near to the Island. That’s all well and good, until the first signal ire the boys light begins burning out of control, and at least one boy is missing, As Piggy tells Jack, â€Å"You got your small fire all right† (2. 210). The fire thus becomes a symbol, paradoxically, of both hope of rescue and of destrucuon. Ironically, it Is because of a fire that Jack lights at the end of the novel†in his attempt to hunt and kill Ralph†that the boys are rescued. And It makes sense. If the boys’ world is Justa symbol for the real world, then they’re not being rescued at all: they’re just going on to a larger scale of violence†to grow up into soldiers getting sent off to war. Hence, rescue equals destruction. The Signal Fire Is a representation of commonsense and rescue from immorality. When the signal tire can no longer be lit, because Jack stole Piggy’s specs that light it, its beacon of hope and knowledge is no longer present to guide Ralph who must then be constantly reminded by Piggy about what Is right. The Fire s Relationship Towards Civilization. In Lord of the Flies, the fire is a main symbol through out the story. It represents amount of civilized strength left within the boys. When the fire burns stronger, it means that they are getting closer to society and when the fire Is not burning or Is eak, they too are weakening. The signal fire becomes an indicator of the boys connection to civilization. Throughout the book, the fire is a key symbol that means not only rescue, but hope and civilization. Even the forest fire In the end of the story, that was meant to destroy, ended up being the boy s key to rescue. In the beginning of this book, one of the most Important parts is when Jack let the fire go outto go hunting. Although hunting Is not necessarily barbaric or a loss of clvlllzatlon, It Is still what leads up to the loss of civili7atiom When Ralph realizes the power of the fire nd admits that if everyone does not do their duty and cooperate in keeping the fire going, all hopes In contacting clvlllzatlon outside are shattered. The tire Is their only chance of survival and if it goes out, their destined to stay on the island forever As long as the fire Is well maintained, the boys show a desire to return to their civilization, but when the tire burns low or goes out, the boys lose sight ot their wish to be rescued, because they have accepted their barbaric lives on the island. Fire in Lord of the Flies By SgtBlackScorp In the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding, one of the main elements of the plot s a fire created by the boys. While the fire’s foremost purpose is for rescue, it also represents other underlying symbolistic themes. Order is one of the first things represents hope. Also, the very being of the fire represents the idea of life. in case a ship passes near to the island. That’s all well and good, until the first signal fire the boys light begins burning out of control, and at least one boy is missing. As symbol, paradoxically, of both hope of rescue and of destruction. Ironically, it is because of a fire that Jack lights at the end of the novel†in his attempt o hunt and kill Ralph†that the boys are rescued. And it makes sense. If the boys’ world is Just a symbol for the real world, then they’re not being rescued at all; they’re The Signal Fire is a representation of commonsense and rescue from immorality. When the signal fire can no longer be lit, because Jack stole Piggy’s specs that light it, be constantly reminded by Piggy about what is right. means that they are getting closer to society and when the fire is not burning or is not only rescue, but hope and civilization. Even the forest fire in the end of the story, f this book, one of the most important parts is when Jack let the fire go out to go hunting. Although hunting is not necessarily barbaric or a loss of civilization, it is still what leads up to the loss of civilization. When Ralph realizes the power of the fire going, all hopes in contacting civilization outside are shattered. The fire is their only chance of survival and if it goes out, their destined to stay on the island forever. As long as the fire is well maintained, the boys show a desire to return to their civilization, but when the fire burns low or goes out, the boys lose sight of their wish How to cite Fire in Lord of the Flies, Papers

Bond Markets and Hedge Funds

Question: Describe about the Bond Markets and Hedge Funds. Answer: What is of more importance? Stock market or the bond market While watching the video, this video came in my mind again and again, and it would be most suitable to talk about this in this paper. After a thorough research, it could be found out that the debate regarding which market is bigger and better has been up for long but talking about my perception and as per the proofs with me, the bond market is undoubtedly greater than the stock exchange. There are some reasons for proving this assertion (Cheng, 2010). Firstly, let us talk about the size of each of these markets and after that, we can talk about other aspects of these two markets. As of today, the bond market is estimated to be more than mind blowing $82 trillion whereas on the other hand stock market is estimated to be around $40-$50 trillion. This estimated evaluation alone puts the bond market in the front seat as it is more than twice the size of the stock market which speaks volumes about the value of the bond market. Another important aspect is that bond market has a higher and larger number of issuers than the stock market. The different segments of issuers range from corporate, government, municipal, funding; mortgage supported, etc. Whereas the stock market has issuers from a particular set of corporate sector companies and for example, in the United States of America, there are around 17,000 enterprises of the public sector. One thing which cannot be neglected is that stock market is undoubtedly more influential on sentiments. Now for example, if someone asks what is the key indicator for the stock market? They will get an apt reply SP 500 or Dow most probably but on asking the same question for a bond market most of the people would remain clueless (e.g.,. Indexes such as Merrill Lynch Domestic Master) this gives the stock market a wider and broader voice and reach. Now once that has been discussed, as per my assumption bond market remains more powerful and influential than the stock market. The reason for saying so is that bond markets have a stable and fixed return guaranteed and hence, they are more predictable. Now if the yields are naturally high, then their does not generate a need for investing time and one in stocks. There is no similar risk reward. But yes, definitely if the yields are quite low in bonds then it would be wiser to switch to stocks. This is what gives the bond market the advantage as they are predictable and the customers can switch as per their ease but this does not work so smoothly in stock markets, and one does not have the privilege to predict stocks, and they are much more volatile. Hence, it can be said that this analysis is not a clear or high-end research work but still practically it is quite apt, and if this question is asked personally then definitely the answer would be that bond markets are much stronger and influential than the stock markets (Staff, 1995). It is also imperative to understand that both bond and stock markets are closely webbed, and most of the major stakeholders have a good hold in both these markets and keep shifting their funds from one to another as per the requirements. The stock market will always remain tempting and glamorous amidst the general masses but yes no doubt bond market will have greater influence as it comes with the benefit of stability and guaranteed returns and attracts more institutional cash. How do a hedge fund works This question has been pondering for a longer period but after watching the video, it certainly incited me to write about this issue the very first time when this question came across was when the opposition of Labour party in the UK accused the governing party of the Conservative party of giving away favours to its hedge fund managers. By the year 2015 since 2010, more than fifty percent of the cream layer of these hedge funds had donated their money to the Conservative party which when totalled estimates around Euro ten million. Since then and in past also, these hedge fund managers have been recognized as experts in investment skills and also known for their wealth. But how do these experts of investment work? Let us see in the subsequent sections. Well, it is peculiar to understand that rather than being recognized as an asset class, they are more correctly defined by the structure possessed by them. Hedge funds have a long history, and it all started when in the 1940's a man named Alfred Winslow Jones had set up an investment structure which helped him to bet for the fall as well as the rise of the prices and charge a small fee as his performance fee. It again got a boost in the late 1990's especially when George Soros speculation forced sterling out of the mechanism of the exchange rate, and he was dubbed as the man who broke the England bank (Clarke, 2007). Now talking about hedge funds in detail, they can be called as the pots of money which are opened or revealed only to a specific set of investors who usually use a set of complex instruments and strategies. In the beginning, they were assigned the job to produce an absolute or positive return in the market, and this had to be done by betting on falling prices and also for long shots by relying on the market for rising prices. Now, for example, a hedge fund can bet on BP, which is a big giant company in the sector of petroleum and oil by buying its shares and on the other hand shorting the market. This short allows the hedge fund to bet on an individual company and at the same time insulating the fund from the bigger risk of taking a loss due to a big decline in the market. More often than not, hedge funds try to exploit the small mispricing of the market which can pay off in a handsome amount only and only if the best are all leveraged. Most of the fund try and magnify their resource s by the help of borrowed money. It is peculiar to notice that this approached can be applied by the hedge fund owners for different types of markets ranging from shares, mergers, currencies and equity (Economist, 2015). To reflect the higher skill set, fund managers charge more than the mutual fund managers. Conventionally these hedge fund managers earn a two and twenty" i.e. a 2% annual charge from the capital which is under management and a performance fee of twenty percent from the profits earned and this is the reason why so many hedge fund managers are rich as they get a handsome amount for the duties they impart (Gad, 2013). But now a lot of things have been changing as the regulators are keeping a closer eye on these managers and even the investors have started demanding for much lower fees especially due to recent performances with average results from these managers. (www.forbes.com) Conclusion Hence, in the end, it can be said that bond markets are more important than the stock market if not on scientific research methods then at least as per the practical and available arguments. Secondly, the hedge fund owners have been getting a lot of money because of the policy of two plus twenty which gives them handsome amount of payback References Cheng, L. (2010, August 12).Which is more important the stock market or the bond market?Retrieved July 3, 2016, from https://larrycheng.com/2010/08/11/which-is-more-important-the-stock-market-or-the-bond-market/ Clarke, M. (2007, March 27). How hedge funds work.Investing. Retrieved from https://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/investing/article-1600380/How-hedge-funds-work.html Economic Importance of the Corporate Bond Markets. (2014). Retrieved July 3, 2016, from file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/New%20folder/Corporate%20Bond%20Markets%20March%202013.pdf Economist, T. (2015, March 30).How hedge funds work. Retrieved July 3, 2016, from https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2015/03/economist-explains-16 Ferguson, N.Ascent of MoneyRetrieved from Furlong, M., Co-founder. (2015, February 17).Hedge fund investing overview: What you need to know. Retrieved July 3, 2016, from All Posts, https://www.slicedinvesting.com/learning/finance/hedge-fund-investing-overview-need-know Gad, S. (2013, October 22). What are hedge funds?Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/investopedia/2013/10/22/what-are-hedge-funds/ Staff, M. F. (1995).5 bond market facts you need to know -- the motley fool. Retrieved July 3, 2016, from https://www.fool.com/knowledge-center/5-bond-market-facts-you-need-to-know.aspx

Best Medical Schools in the US 2018 - Extended Review †Pro-Academic-Writers.com

Best Medical Schools in the US 2018 - Extended Review Medical education is among the most popular and prestigious areas in the United States. Medical professions are in the top rankings of the most paid specialties; training takes a long time and requires serious preliminary efforts and large investments. The standards of American medicine are recognized around the world. No surprise that many people in the USA dream to become a medical worker and become a part of the US medical sector. Do you want to engage in medicine; aim at graduating from the best medical schools? Click to read a review of the best medical schools in the US 2018, Chapel Hill and Ann Arbor, and all the nuances of studying in the United States. Harvard Medical School Average cost of the year of study: $ 55'850 It is among the best medical schools in the US 2018; over 19% of all medical workers in the country study here. It is known to produce qualified specialists that are in demand on the market. Being one of the most famed medical schools in the state, Harvard has quite tough entry requirements. The MCAT result should be no lower than 37 out of 45 points; GPA score should be about 3.93 out of 4 points, no less. Stanford University School of Medicine Average cost of the year of study: $ 52'491 Stanford Medical School is the 2nd largest school in the nation. It has over 460 students, which is less than 12% of all medical workers in the country. The university is known for a solid knowledge base provided to those studying and proficient faculty. Entry requirements in Stanford University School of Medicine are high. One should have MCAT score no lower than 37 and a GPA grade of about 3.85. No surprise that far from everyone enrolls at a school. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Average cost of the year of study: $ 48'750 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine is another top place for people acquiring education in the north of the country. Over 480 students graduate from the Hopkins School of Medicine yearly, which is over 13% in the whole country. This number is impressive. The school is one of top-rated due to the education level and conditions provided to the students. Those studying at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine are practicing in one of the country's best hospitals. Entry requirements here are tough. MCAT is 36 and more; GPA is no less than 3.91 points. Medical School of the University of California, San Francisco Average cost of the year of study: $ 44'996 Medical School of the University of California (San Francisco) is another prestigious place for students. It poses less strict requirements to entrants and provides a solid knowledge base to students.   Entry requirements set by the school are the following. The MCAT is not lower than 36, GPA is 3.85 and higher. Over 650 students enter the medical school of the University of California, which is about 15% of all medical staff in the United States. This high amount can be explained by a well-weighted balance between the education quality and fee. Perelman Medical School Average cost of the year of study: $ 52'210 The Perelman school is a separate part of the University of Pennsylvania. Approximately 653 students yearly graduate from Perelman Medical School. It is about 19% of all medical workers in the US. The entrant must provide MCAT results no lower than 38 and GPA of around 3.88 to enter the school. Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) Average cost of the year of study: $ 25'000 IUPUI was formed due to the merge of two leading Indiana universities and today trains over 30,000 students. A distinctive feature of the university is an extensive number of educational programs, which are offered on the basis of seventeen schools, and extensive scholarship opportunities. Among the taught disciplines are the School of Health, the School of Dentistry, and Rehabilitation, the School of Medicine, and the Nursing School. IUPUI is in the rating of the best universities with the best teaching at the bachelor's level. The university's programs in nursing are in the Top 25 US courses in this area. On the basis of the university schools, you can get specialization in almost any medical discipline, whether Anesthesia, Biochemistry, Molecular Genetics, Psychiatry, Urology, Gynecology, Surgery and much more. Students get full access to practical studies as well as research activities. In total, IUPUI attracts more than $ 336 million of investment for research, grants, and awards. Saint Louis University, Washington Average cost of the year of study: $ 20'000 St. Louis University (Washington) is a medium-sized school that trains 13,000 people. It has two campuses, in the US Missouri and Spanish Madrid. For almost 200 years, this university offers students a large selection of training courses, comprehensive support, and accommodation in an equipped campus. The University includes the Educational Dental Center, the Center for Ethics and Health, the College of Medical Sciences, the School of Medicine, and the Nursing School. Here, you can study Endocrinology, Dermatology, Pediatrics, Anesthesiology, Surgery, Plastic Surgery,   Neurology, and much more. In the course of training, it is necessary to undergo clinical practice and engage in research. University of Utah Average cost of the year of study is $ 22'500 The University of Utah is a major university in Salt Lake City that trains around 30,000 people. The school belongs to the most famous universities of the world and is famous for its quality teaching, various scholarship programs, organization of active leisure for students, and placement of students in a modern campus. The university's medical school educated most practicing doctors of Utah, and its graduates work throughout America and around the world. The school offers a variety of programs in different fields of medicine and health. It conducts research in genetics, cancer treatment, biomedicine, and modern technical medical developments. Popular specializations include Psychiatry, Family Medicine, Oncology, Pediatrics, Biochemistry, Dermatology, etc. The school boasts a College of Health and a Nursing College, on the basis of which you can get professional qualifications. How Long Is Medical School Education? Wondering how long is medical school in the USA? Acquiring medical education in the country takes about eleven-sixteen years. One has to study in an undergraduate school for four years; the next four years are in a direct school, and about eight years are to acquire the secondary specialization in a particular field. It is important to obtain all the necessary licenses and undergo constant professional development to comply with all legal regulations and news in the country. The process of obtaining a doctor's qualification in the US is as follows: Baccalaureate with a bias in biology and chemistry – 4 years. The preparatory program (pre-med) is an optional step. Passing the MCAT exam. Medical school (English Medical school) – 4 years (theoretical training - 2 years and clinical practice - 2 years). Residency – from 3 to 8 years (specialization matters). The shortest programs are for family medicine; the longest ones are for neurosurgery. Residency for general surgery takes 5 years. Specialized practice – takes 1-2 years and often includes elements of research work. The student has time to practice together with training in residency. It is an indispensable condition for a number of medical specialties. Professional certification, which includes exams for the chosen specialization. Best Medical Schools – Entering Requirements In the higher medical school, the US student spends four years. First 24 months pass in the school classrooms and are exclusively theatrical. Apart from the theoretical part, students are supposed to be involved in practical classes on Anatomy, Biochemistry, Physiology, Medical Care, etc. Clinical practice is scheduled to begin in the third year of training. The fourth year takes place in the hospital in one of the departments of Surgery, Therapy, Pediatrics, etc. Duration of residency differs depending on the specialty. By the end of the training, the graduate receives general education in the specialties Surgery, Therapy, Gynecology, etc. First Aid – 3-4 years Family practice – 3 years Pediatrics – 3 years Gynecology – 4 years Psychiatry – 4 years General surgery – 5 years Specialized surgery, plastic surgery – 5-6 years (depending on specialization) Urology – 5 years At the end of the residency, each student has the opportunity to take an exam in the specialty data (Board certification). The successful passing of such an examination provides one with certification by the American Association of Physicians in the chosen specialty. It is not necessary to take this exam; almost everyone is handed over to it. The availability of the certificate increases the prestige and helps in the further employment. Least Competitive Medical Schools On admission, those residing in the state are in preference; after graduation, they will be able to work on site. They even get a â€Å"place† in a hospital reserved for them. The high score got in high school and during the study in baccalaureate is important. The general requirements of best medical schools for applicants are as follows: Bachelor's degree with compulsory study of biology and chemistry. Some schools require the availability of hours for English, mathematics, and natural sciences. Good MCAT results – a mandatory test for admission to  medical schools in the United States. If necessary, the results of other standard tests are required. English language knowledge test results – TOEFL, IELTS, or any other. The entrant should carefully read the requirements of the school and other relevant information, which may differ from the standards. Some additional tests, examinations, and interviews may be required. In our report below, check the best medical schools and their entering requirements; find the least competitive medical schools here. College MCAT GPA TOEFL IELTS Harvard University 518 3.92 103 7.5 Johns Hopkins University 519 3.92 110 7.0 Stanford University 518 3.89 100 7.0 University of California, San Francisco 508 3.79 100 7.5 The Cornell University (Weill) 519 3.87 100 7.0 University of Virginia 519 3.9 100 7.0 The school admission committee evaluates such parameters as communication skills, computer literacy, and experience of volunteer work related to helping people or animals. References from school teachers are included in the standard set of documents for admission. Final Say! Medical school education in the USA is known for its high quality, and the standards of American medicine are well-known around the world. Those who have American diploma can successfully find employment not only in the US but in other countries. To enter American universities, it is not needed to pass the entrance exams. The selection of students is based on the results of tests, previous assessments, motivation letters, and other application documents. When submitting documents, it is necessary to take into account that education in the USA is exclusively paid. It is necessary to be very selective when choosing a school. Choose one of the best medical schools in the US 2018 right now!

Capital Punishment Professor Ramos Blog

Capital Punishment One of the first established death penalty laws go back as far as the Eighteenth Century and during some time, death was the punishment for all crimes. The death penalty is a very controversial topic and is a punishment of execution due to a crime a convicted person has committed. There are many reasons why the Death Penalty should not be supported and ways to help stop it. It doesn’t happen only in the United States, but also all across the world. Of course everyone wants justice but it’s difficult to determine whether the death penalty is or is not necessary. Many say the accused should be executed to pay for their crimes because they don’t deserve to live, be fed and taken care of in while behind bars. It becomes personal when the families and friends of the victim or victims, want the accuser to go on death row because â€Å"they don’t deserve to live† and it could put their mind at peace in a way knowing the accuser won’t be violent to others and continue their crimes. According to the â€Å"Persuasion and Resistance: Race and the Death Penalty in America†, white people say the criminal justice system is fair and African Americans deserve to be treated more punitively and don’t see them as victims of discrimination. Especially in the United States, racism has been a large conflict and the reason for mass incarceration because of the criminal justice system being unfair. The legalized killing is expensive on many levels. States that go through with the death penalty, end up spending three times or more money than on someone who is not sentenced to death, according to Vice News. In Oklahoma, the capital cost on average is 3.2 times more than non-capital cases based on the prepared studies done by Peter A. Collins and Matthew J. Hickman for the Oklahoma Death Penalty Review Commission. According to â€Å"The Death Penalty in America: Current Controversies†, a single death penalty trial can exhaust a country’s resources and instead of using that money to benefit the country like hiring more police officers and creating more rehablitation programs, the politicians worry about appearing on the soft side on crime. A study in California revealed that the value of the death sentence has been over 4 billion dollars since 1978. There were other cost involved as well. â€Å"Study considered pre-trial and trial costs, costs of automatic appeals an d state habeas corpus petitions, costs of federal habeas corpus appeals, and costs of incarceration on death row† (Alarcon Mitchell, 2011). In Florida, enforcing the execution costs the state $51 million a year which is way over the cost to punish all first-degree murderers with life in prison without parole. According to the Death Penalty Information Center, based on the 44 Judicial executions the state of Florida had proceeded with since 1976, each execution came to a total of $24 million. No government should have the power of life or death over people. As time goes by, countries are taking into consideration on making a change in this situation. According to Amnesty International, 106 countries had completely abolished the death penalty at the end of last year. Although people may say it is what the criminals deserve, death as punishment, it’s considered to be inhumane because killing someone, even in the name of law, is murder and a wrong act. In the Journal of â€Å"Criminal Law and Criminology† published by Professor Michael Radelet, 88% of the country’s top criminologists believe having the death penalty won’t make crime rates go down. A good amount of mentally disabled inmates were sociopaths. The others were psychopaths. The difference between sociopath and psychopath is that sociopaths are made and psychopaths are born. In the brain of a psychopath, the gene MOA-A, affects amygdala which is a part of the brain involved with emotion and learning. People with a low MOA-A activity, don’t experience normal brain development so they don’t learn what is correct and what isn’t. In 2002, the United States Supreme Court ruled that sentencing the mentally disabled on death row was unconstitutional. Does it also apply to psychopaths since their neurological biology is the reason they are a threat to society? There are psychopaths who know right from wrong. Those people are still capable of making the right choices. Psychopaths feel no remorse or guilt while sociopaths feel a little bit. When psychopaths are being tried by the lie detector, they’re capable of getting away with their lies. The ner vous systems of psychopaths and sociopaths are different but they both lack empathy. One more than the other. Death Penalty Center Information states â€Å"DeLuna maintained his innocence from the time of his arrest until his execution, claiming that the actual culprit was Carlos Hernandez, who looked so similar to DeLuna that friends and family had mistaken photos of the two men for each other. Prosecutors called Hernandez a phantom of DeLunas imagination, although Hernandez was known to police and prosecutors because of his history of violent crimes, armed robberies and an arrest for a murder similar to the one for which DeLuna was executed. Carlos DeLuna was executed in the state of Texas by lethal injection on December 7, 1989. These two cases are some of the strongest demonstrations against the death penalty. However, there have been cases where criminals have been freed from death row. 164 people have been freed from death row since 1973.Some people who were let go because of evidence of innocence from death row, were Wilbert Lee, Freddie Pitts, Earl Washington and Leroy Orange. Getting this type of information across social media and having a credible background can help to get this message across thousands of people at a time. Joining to take a pledge with 90 million other Americans can make a difference as well. Getting together with â€Å"death penalty speakers† and setting goals to get signatures, helps to raise awareness. Bedau, Hugo Adam, ed. The death penalty in America: Current controversies. Oxford University Press, 1998. â€Å"INNOCENCE: New Evidence That Texas May Have Executed an Innocent Man.† Millions Misspent: What Politicians Dont Say About the High Costs of the Death Penalty | Death Penalty Information Center, 6 Apr. 2016 Kozinski, Alex, and Sean Gallagher. Death: The ultimate run-on sentence. Case W. Res. L. Rev. 46 (1995): 1.Peffley, Mark, and Jon Hurwitz. Persuasion and resistance: Race and the death penalty in America. American Journal of Political Science 51.4 (2007): 996-1012

Jews in Early Modern Venice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Jews in Early Modern Venice - Essay Example The paper throws light on Jewish culture as well. The hurdles that the efforts on part of music composers had to go through. Most of their efforts were shunned, by the neo-religious elements of the society. There is focus on the community service and the values that prevailed in Venice; their religious practices; the stones that were thrown on them in the form of bills passed by the Vatican government; The various communities that lived within the Jews are also talked about at great length. Their origins, their impact, their whereabouts, their contributions and their status are also discussed. The Levantines, enjoyed the highest economic strata and were later even allocated a separate portion in the Ghetto. Last, but not the least, the paper also elaborates on the architecture of the ghettos as well. The interiors, the exterior, the dos and don'ts of these places called the squalos and the grandeur associated with them Venice has long been recognized as one of the most multicultural and multi ethnic niches of the world. Situated across eastern Italy, it is a unique amalgamation of 40 different islands. Its length is approximately 40 km long and it varies in breadth from 5 to 10 km. Venice has served as a safe haven for various segregated communities of all times, of refugees and of barbarians. Several islands act protect the land from coastal waters of the open sea, with 3 main inlets moving out of the estuary. It has served as the center of trade between eastern and western European countries ever since 330 A.D. and has been a haven for a vast number of communities coming from different ethnic, religious and social backgrounds. That is why; Venice has never had a pure mythical identity; but home and shelter to refugees, a negative place, and a welcome land for people escaping the barbarians. Embedded in the fabrics of their society, in the confines of the city are Jewish ghettos. Also called the Ghetto Vichhio, Ghetto Nuvissmo or Ghetto Nuovo, they are occupied by a relatively more affluent class of the Jews. Ghettos are segregated areas of the society that harbor the shunned ones. They have been preeminent havens of various societies and eras, but gained prominence during the time of the Nazis. In the days of World War II, Jews were kept in these ghettos before being transported to the death camps. Huge walls were built around the fortifications of the ghettos, to protect the community from the events like Christmas and Easter. The History of the Jews in Venice Jews came on the forefront in the tenth century. This was when documents asking for permission to let Jews embark on a ship were refused. Restrictions were relaxed on the Jews in the late fourteenth century as they were allowed to enter the city. In 1508, the Jews ganged up with the natives to help the government fight the Papals' forces called the League of Cambrai. Even though the forces of Venice lost the battle, this event marked the influx of thousands of Jews in the Venice. The crowd that swarmed in the streets of Venice, escaping the warring tribes. The conflict was resolved and Venice recovered most

EU Law on SGEIs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

EU Law on SGEIs - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that Article 106(2) TFEU was a provision that allows regulatory measures that derogate from Treaty rules that invoke it by necessity to enable undertakings that are entrusted with services of SGEIs that fulfill their obligations. SGEI is a constitutional concept in EU law where it is subject to articles of Article 14 of TFEU, and it is subject to the Protocol of SGEIs. SGEI is considered as services that allow balancing of the EU market integration in pursuit of legitimate national policies that are associated with public services. It can also be considered as a political concept where its legal interpretation becomes sensitive. SGEI cannot be contrived to be a narrow concept of the EU competition law that is understood as a public service concept that involves public authorities, undertakings, and public service obligations. CJEU understanding of SGEI in its EU concept is regarded from the Hirschman’s theory that talks of exit, voice, and its background in case law. It exits from market rules in EU for purposes of public services and identifying SGEI voice that has enabled it to the Treaties. CJEU notions of public service obligations and tasks are regarded as using the Treaty SGEI laws effectively without showing their political use in the Institution of Europe and all signatories. SGEI competence lays with members states, therefore, implementation and funding depend on them. Obligations of public service refer to services of a certain kind that benefit certain services for the benefit of consumers and companies. Such obligations include commercial and nonprofit services with service producers where the public authorities that are entrusted with public service obligations. Services that are beneficial and are of public benefit are regulated as service for the public with obligations. Member states impose public services obligations that are enforced and fulfilled by the private and public companies and this est ablishes the difference provided by such public authorities. If the service is for economic general interest application of Community law is applied by, member states as the competition rules and state aid rules and rules of public procurement.

Is Shopping Political?

Is Shopping Political? Is shopping political? This reports primary aim is to answer the question whether or not ‘is shopping political?’ In order to delve into this statement, this report will be split into sub-headings creating a commentary around the various political trends amongst the area of consumerism. These sub-headings will range from theories on false needs, to backlashes against the system such as Anti-branding, and ethical consumerism. This discussion will allow for the examination of how these actions transpire the arena of consumerism into a political environment. Whilst examining these political statements, the second aim is to apply the wide array of differing ideological paradigms that are amongst the ‘politics of the everyday’. Then using them in-conjunction with the previously mentioned areas, it will then conclude by answering the question at hand. Firstly, the statement is ‘shopping political?’ is in itself a hard question to define, as shoppers make their decisions based upon a wide category of ideas, which goes further than the confines of price or convenience (Petrocelli 2013). These next paragraphs will explore the wider dimensions of shopping. Temples of Consumerism – (False needs) (Apple 2012) This image depicts an Apple shop releasing a new upgrade of the iPhone, where hundreds of people are waiting to purchase it. This event to some is a seemingly normal occurrence in everyday life. However some theorists have looked deeper into these events with a more critical eye. Herbert Marcuse’s ‘one dimensional man’ argues that society today is distorted; and this so called ‘consumer society’ and the politics of corporate capitalism has created a second nature of man which ties him libidinally and aggressively to the commodity form (Marcuse 1964 p.11). This quote and picture generates an extremely valuable point for today’s society, as if we examine the constructs of our culture; every advisement, every commodity, generates an image that without these materials we will not achieve any form of freedom or happiness. Marcuse also points out that these false needs are nothing to do with our basic needs like; clothing, or shelter. They are posed upon us by elites to alienate and re-press society, making us blind to the true imperatives of this world. For example one does not need a million pound mansion. Yet, one will work 70hours a week putting them under constant stress or even to die prematurely for this so called ‘need’ (Chernus N.d p.7) instead of focusing issues such as poverty. Neo-Marxists are also sceptical of this dependency of commodity fetishism arguing it organises our lives in an exploitative way. Evidently, we don’t feel like victims in this controlled society, in fact we feel very much liberated. But, this system outlines that that possessing, consuming, handling and constantly renewing these gadgets (Marcuse 1964 p.11) is the true form of freedom. Bauman’s theory ‘Liquid life’ can also be used to comment on the oppressive nature of consumerism. To back up Marcuse’s argument, Bauman stressed that the very nature of liquid life creates a dependency on these gadgets. But he also acknowledges that those hot-headed or desperate enough to try and defy the odds stacked against them risk becoming outlaws and outcasts (Bauman 2005 p.6). Creating an assumption that liquid life not only controls an individual, but those who attempt to defy it risk being alienated, for example the phenomenon ‘keeping up with the Jones’s’, could be an example of liquid life as we feel compelled to better ourselves over others, otherwise we feel materially deprived. Marcuse’s thesis on false needs is an exceptionally good doctrine into the examination of how politics is embedded within the purchase of commodities. However, this kind of alienation and repressive nature of shopping, does not sit well with post-modernist theorist Roland Inglehart. Whom would argue that the idea of purchasing goods does not necessarily mean oppression. As Inglehart’s theory is very much embedded with Maslow’s ‘Theory of Human Motivation’, he argues that because we ‘no longer have a direct relationship to the imperatives of economic security’ (Inglehart, 1977p.991). Citizens will then ‘desire worldly goods as symbols of affluence’ (Inglehart 1971 p.991). This standpoint suggests that the idea of purchasing luxuries should be celebrated, due to the fact that we are now in a society that can afford to do so without fear of economic restraints. To conclude on this section the capitalist system has certainly created a high dependency on false needs. We are programmed to achieve personal needs not because we truly need them, but for pure gratification, driving many into debt. Anti-Branding: (Sony 2011) With the last sub-heading examining the oppressive nature of shopping, this section will examine a particular backlash that has emerged out of this critical thought. ‘Anti-branding’ is a growing resistance to transnational brands and corporate globalisation (Hollenbeck 2006 p.479). What seems important to note is that historically these kinds of backlashes are intertwined with Lefebvre’s social space theory, on the grounds that it tended to use an occupation of a physical space such as 1968 student protests. Yet, in this globalising age with the ease to obtain technology, protests are transpiring into virtual spaces. The internet is altering the balance of power between customers and companies, customers are using this as a tool to achieve louder voices (Pitta and Fowler, 2005 cited in Farshid et al p.1) without the constraints of time or location. The ideas of Bauman’s, and Marcuse’s arguments that capitalism corrupts, is being slowly eroded by Inglehart’s postmodern analysis that we are rationally informed political actors. As this new technology like the smart phones has paved way for the consumer to communicate, discuss and digest large amounts of information, which isn’t necessary from ruling elites or corporations. With theorists such as Naomi Klein in her book ‘No logo’ she commented upon the culture jamming phenomenon regarding it as ‘identity politics goes interactive’ (Klein 2000 P.289). With these points in mind it does suggest that politics is within these protests. Nonetheless, a counterargument that can be raised; is that it has become increasingly difficult to define a brand name, due to the fact it is now applied in all manner of products and even politics itself. Take Tony Blair’s ‘Cool Britannia’ campaign in ’97 this was a brand name linked to a political party, but was branded in such a way to represent a ‘cool’ rhetoric; that stood for Britain’s film and music scene etc. A large majority of individuals got behind this movement. However, using a Marcusian standpoint it could be used to suggest that this kind of branding is actually just a window dressing and the political undercurrent for oppression remains the same; it is just more sophisticated in its implementation. Ethical Consumerism: (Hempout 2013) Highlighting the various backlashes against consumerism in the previous heading, this subheading will explore how ‘new politics’ has emerged from these protests. Campaigns such as the ‘Nike Anti-Sweatshop campaign, aimed at raising awareness about the labour conditions in company owned factories in developing worlds, can be associated with the certain anti-branding campaigns. But these new movements could be argued to have laid the foundations to larger movements such as ‘consumer ethics’. The incorporation of ethics into consumerism has created a case for is ‘shopping political’, on the grounds that this ethical nature has led to changes in practises of companies and law itself. For example; ‘Canned tuna companies were pressured through consumer boycotts to end fishing practices that endangered dolphins before governmental legislation mandated such’ (Marzocca 2012). This kind of rationality can be connected again with Inglehart’s post-materialism thesis as certainly movements have relied upon communications between political actors like environmental, fair trade and Human right groups. The barriers in which we gathered information has ceased to exist creating an informed citizen. Continuing, the emergence of ethics it can be used as a critique to the so called ‘manipulated consumer’ standpoint of Marxists. As, evidently personal attitudes and purchases are now informed by ethical or political assessments of business’ and government practices, so when consumers deface or scrutinise their practises it is essentially a globalisation of individualism. This argument can be very much linked to the Feminist ideology who saw that the ‘person is political’. With that being said the consumer is therefore acting ‘politically’ and is less ‘brainwashed’ than we thought. The standpoints from the Chicago school of economics that protests are due to individuals being unable to conform to society are therefore misguided. On, the grounds that in today’s society there are agents who monitor public opinions (UKPOM) and trends, suggesting that it is no longer enough for corporations to focus on shareholders’ goals but, they are evaluated on their ethical and moral values (Takala 1991 cited in Uusitalo 2004 p.214). Thus, implying citizens do not possess cognitive inadequacies as proclaimed by this school. Conclusion: Concluding, on this report with a reà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ection on the whole debate of consumerism, just because this act of shopping does not necessarily follow the traditional rhetoric set by politics with a capital ‘P’, this does not mean the impact isn’t just as significant. Examining theorists of the everyday such as Inglehart, Marcuse and Lefebvre they clearly suggest that politics is among shopping on many different levels. In order to answer the question of this report, the most convincing form of politics in shopping is situated within the area of ethical consumerism. The idea of this phenomenon is not situated at one particular company or government; it is an extension of the larger political movements such as new social movements whom are also striving to achieve the same ends through more contemporary measures like lobbying or protests. These new social movements are the foundation to new political subjects, the creation of new political spaces (Lefebvre), a nd ultimately changing the perception on what we mean by society (Marcuse/Inglehart) (Carrol 1997 cited in Harter 2011 p.15). There is a sizeable power the shopper holds in relation to the purchasing of goods as if shoppers change the way they shop or perceives a business, it means that these institutions have to adapt to the new paradigms set, emphasising that shopping is political in both nature and in action. References: Apple. 2012.Queue for the Iphone5. [image online] Available at: http://cdn.recombu.com/mobile/images/news/M18273/1348218725.jpg [Accessed: 5 Mar 2014]. Bauman, Z. 2005.Liquid life. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. Chernus, I. n.d. Herbert Marcuse: A Critique of Consumer Society. [e-book] Available through: colorado.edu http://www.colorado.edu/ReligiousStudies/chernus/sixties/Herbert Marcuse.pdf [Accessed: 3 Mar 2014]. Harter, J. 2011.New social movements, class, and the environment: a case study of Greenpeace Canada. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub. Hempout. 2013.Ethical Consumerism. [image online] Available at: http://hempcanadabulk.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/bilde.jpg [Accessed: 5 Mar 2014]. Hollenbeck, C. R. and Zinkhan, G. M. 2006.Consumer Activism on the Internet: The Role of Anti-brand Communities. [e-book] Available through: Acrwebsite.org http://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/v33/v33_10337.pdf [Accessed: 25 Feb 2014]. Inglehart, R. 1971. The silent revolution in Europe: Intergenerational change in post-industrial societies.American political science review, 65 (04), pp. 9911017. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1953494 [Accessed: 28th November 2013]. Inglehart, R. 1997.Modernization and postmodernization. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Klein, N. 2000.No logo. London: Flamingo. Marcuse, H. 1973.An essay on liberation. Harmondsworth: Penguin books. Marzocca, K. 2012.Sustainable Speak: Voting and Shopping are Separate But Equal: A Response to Sami Grover. [online] Available at: http://sustainablespeak.blogspot.co.uk/2012/02/voting-and-shopping-are-separate-but.html [Accessed: 25 Feb 2014]. Petrocelli, W. 2014. Shopping Is Political: A Lesson From 70s Feminists. [online] Available at: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/william-petrocelli/shopping-is-political_b_3308222.html [Accessed: 25 Feb 2014]. Sony. 2011.Culture Jammed Sony Advertisement. [image online] Available at: http://jaberando.wordpress.com/2011/02/02/culture-jamming-adbusters/#jp-carousel-48 [Accessed: 5 Mar 2014]. Uusitalo, O. and Oksanen, R. 2014.Ethical consumerism: a view from Finland. [e-book] Available through: Wikispaces.com http://ycri.wikispaces.com/file/view/Ethical+Consumerism+-+A+view+from+Finland.pdf [Accessed: 25 Feb 2014]. 1 | Page N0365069

Is a good one

History Some can argue that the war has been going on since world war 2, when Stalin wanted the farm land In Ukraine and he had found many ways of obtaining their land such as: starving the Ukrainian people of food till they died or gave up their land or they Just killed the villagers, since then there have been many disputes between Russia and Ukraine. Russia has always felt that they had a certain cultural connection with Ukraine because when the Russian empire rose as a great empire its capital was in present day Ukraine. So It Is understandable that some of the Ukrainian people are ad at the Russians.But the more recent conflict which Is still going on started because the east side of Ukraine (which Is the Russian speaking side, many of whom had voted for Hancock) think that Ukraine should not join the European union and protested Hancock removal. So then Russian leaders decided that they should intervene for the sake of Russian speaking Ukrainians, too the west side of Ukraine i t seems like the Russian leaders are ignoring the valid reasons that Hancock was removed for. Some believe that Russian president Vladimir Putting Is using this conflict s a distraction from Russia slaking economy.Escalation Now there was a lot of increase in the violence when people started protesting against Russia. Between February 18 and 20, 103 people were killed and 1419 injured. The vast majority of Russians believe the Ukrainian military shot downplays Airlines flight MI 7, a new poll has shown, underlining how differently the tragedy has been presented in Russia than in the west. Crimean status referendum 2014 was a referendum on the status of Crimea held on March 16, 2014, by the legislature of Autonomous Republic of Crimea as well as by he local government of Soapstone, both subdivisions of Ukraine at the time.The referendum asked the people of Crimea whether they wanted to join Russia as a federal subject, or if they wanted to restore the 1992 Crimean constitution and Cr ime's status as a part of Ukraine. Presently Russia and Ukraine are trying to avoid a big war. So In the conflict life cycle, It Is between escalation and desolation and they are trying to avoid a deadlock. Deadlock but Russia is expecting a peace treaty. Some 70% of the Russian troops believed to have been in Ukraine have withdrawn back across the border, Ukrainian President Petrol Apprehension said, according to the national news agency Cruciform. This is another hope that peaceful initiatives have a good perspective,† Apprehension is quoted as saying during a Cabinet meeting in Kiev on Wednesday. The remarks came several days into a shaky ceasefire deal between Ukrainian forces and pro- Russia rebels, signed last Friday after nearly five months of fighting in eastern Ukraine. The Presidents of Russia and Ukraine are â€Å"broadly satisfied† with the status of the ceasefire, a Kremlin aide said Wednesday. Russian's president has said he is hoping for a peace deal betw een Ukraine and pro- Russian rebels by Friday.Vladimir Putting urged both sides to stop military action in eastern Ukraine, adding that his views and those of his Ukrainian counterpart were very close. We can say that the conflict is De escalating from escalation. Insisting that Russia is in no way a negotiating party in the Ukrainian conflict, Vladimir Putting is nevertheless certain that it is Moscow proposals that are going to advance both sides to peace. Mr. Putting plan is short and leaves a lot of room for interpretation. Take, for example, a point on moving Ukrainian troops away from positions from which towns and cities can be shelled.Taken to an extreme, this could mean rewinding the situation on the ground to a point several weeks ago before Ukrainian advances. Just two weeks ago the discussions centered around when, and not if, the rebels would have to move out of Donates and Alumna's. But Moscow plan will allow them to strengthen their control over the two regional cente rs and other areas. Mr. Putting has often seemed unwilling to negotiate from a position of weakness and the reversals of the past few days illustrate this perfectly. Now it's Petrol Apprehension who has to choose whether to accept something which clearly protects Sieve's enemies in astern Ukraine.Ukrainian government troops say they have repelled an attack by pro-Russian rebels on Donates airport. De escalation THE war in eastern Ukraine has quieted, for now. Its disparate factions have as much reason to keep fighting as to put away their guns. But a ceasefire signed on September 5th in Minsk is so far mostly holding. Ukrainian president, Petrol Apprehension, does not want to fight an unnamable war against Russia, which is the situation he would have been in had he pressed on with Sieve's â€Å"anti-terrorist operation† in the east. His Russian counterpart, Vladimir Putting, is happy to seeDonates and Alumna's turn into breakaway territories that can serve as instruments agai nst Kiev. Russian prime minister Dimity Maddened has said the country will honor all its agreements with the European Union and Ukraine, but will trigger â€Å"protective measures† if a trade pact between the two comes into force early. The Nun and the end of 201 5 in a concession to Russia The Ukraine ceasefire might collapse any day. But if it sticks and the war ends here, it poses the question: who won? In military terms, the answer looks clear: Russian leader Vladimir Putting. In March, the Russian army seized Crimea.Last week, it routed Ukrainian forces in east Ukraine. Ukrainian president Petrol Apprehension asked EX. and Nato leaders for weapons. They said â€Å"there is no military solution to the conflict†. But Putting showed there is – several thousand Russian infantry, fighting as formed units, supported by tanks and artillery. The Russian invasion and the lack of Western support is why Ukraine signed the â€Å"Minsk protocol† – a 12-poi nt peace plan – last Friday (5 September). So what if Putting won Crimea and bits of Donates and Alumna's – he lost the rest of Ukraine. Right? Russian's attack has seen pro-Western feeling soar in the rest of the country.Polls now say Ukrainians want to Join Nato. They also say pro-Western parties will sweep pro- Russia MSP out of parliament in upcoming elections. It depicts the crisis in Putting own macho terms. The truth is that everybody lost. EX. civilians (IMHO), 2,600 Ukrainians, and who knows how many Russians lost their lives. Ukraine lost territory. The EX. and Nato lost credibility. But Putting will go down in history as the biggest loser: He lost the chance to make Russia, one of the world's richest nations in terms of natural resources and culture, and Russian's neighborhood into a decent place to live.

Health and Safety Essay

Health and safety questions one; Health and safety is implemented through the settings health and safety policy which all staff must read and follow and is available from the school office. The health and safety at work act 1974 places a duty on all employers to safeguard so far as is reasonably practicable the health, safety and welfare of all their employees. In addition to this, duties extend to cover the health and safety of persons not employed but who may be affected by the work activities undertaken such as pupils, visitors, contractors, ect. The authority retains the above responsibilities under local management of schools as an employer in the same way the governing body of academies, aided and trust schools, but it is important to realise that all employees have legal duties under the health and safety at work act, to co-operate with their employer so far as is reasonably practicable to ensure a safe and healthy place of work. This local statement of safety policy is not intended to replace the wirral local authority’s policy but to detail individual schools’ arrangements and organisation for health and safety. The settings governing body will strive to achieve the highest standards of health, safety and welfare consistent with their responsibilities under the health and safety at work act 1974 and other statutory and common law duties to provide a safe and healthy work place for all its employees, pupils, visitors, and other persona who may be affected by its activities. The head teacher and governing body will take all reasonable steps to ensure that the authority’s safety policy is implemented and, that local authority’s policy and guidance documents are followed and monitored throughout the school. This policy will be brought to the attention of, and/or issued to all members of staff on induction and annual refresher at the start of each school year. it is essential for the success of this safety policy that all employees recognise their responsibilities in co-operating with management on health and safety issues and taking care of themselves and other persons whilst at work.

Red bull strategies - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2969 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? EXECUTIVE SUMMARY â€Å"Red Bull isnt a drink; its a way of life†, says Dietrich Mateschwitz, the co-founder of Red Bull GmbH (Kumar, 2004). In fact, for a product that didnt have any extraordinary quality, was made of repeatedly questioned ingredients, Red Bull holds a pretty significant 70% market share (Ingram, 2010). In 2007, according to company figures, 4.5bn cans of the drink were sold in over 130 counties with 3,903 employees generating over 2.6 billion euros in turnover (AFP, 2007). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Red bull strategies" essay for you Create order Its dominant position in the fastest-growing segment of the soft drink market is mainly attributed to the companys unconventional and innovative marketing strategies as well as its revolutionary operational and management approach. This paper study discusses the various strategies adopted by Red Bull, including the companys effective employment of buzz marketing, product branding, its sponsorship and unique distribution strategy. The paper also discusses the importance of individual skills and organizational toolbox that led to the companys success. The case concluded with a commentary on challenges the company faces as well as recommendations with regards to maintaining its current growth and market share. BACKGROUND Dietrich Mateschwitz experienced the stimulating qualities of a popular Thai energy drink, Krating Daeng (literally ‘red bull), while on a trip to Thailand. Shortly after, he started to work with a pharmaceutical company to adapt the Thai beverage for European market. Mateschitzs concept was to create a company selling its own energy drink worldwide at a premium price (Keller, 2004). In 1987, together with Chaleo Yoovidhya, the owner of Krating Daeng, he founded Red Bull GmbH. The partners agreed that Mateschitz would run the company, while the Chaleo and his son remained sleeping partners. Five years later, the drink entered neighbouring countries Hungary and Slovenia, followed by Germany and Switzerland. In 1997, Red Bull stormed the U.S. market. In less than three years, Red Bull solely expanded the sales of energy drinks from $12 million to $75 million in 1999 (Hein, 2001). Today, Red Bull is also Austrias most successful brand, worth more than â‚ ¬10.9 billion. In 2008, Forbes magazine listed both Chaleo and Mateschitz as being the 260th richest persons in the world with an estimated net worth of $4.0 billion. INNOVATIONS Red Bull is a great example of an ordinary product of doubtful worth that was transformed into a powerful brand through innovative marketing. In an interview, Mateschitz recalled: When we first started, we said there is no existing market for Red Bull. But Red Bull will create it. And this is what finally became true† (Dolan, 2005). Although the initial market research conducted by Mateschitz was quite devastating – unappetizing colour and disgusting taste (Johnson, 2002), he didnt give up but thrived in the end. How? By revolutionary approach to the product branding, well controlled and limited distribution, and unique ways of reaching out to the right customers. In general, the success of the company relied hugely on an original concept: a highly caffeinated and troublesome drink. But what makes Red Bull so unique is the companys revolutionary approach to classic marketing rules. The company claims the unique techniques were developed out of a demand. In terms of attracting new customers and enhancing consumer loyalty, Red Bull has a more effective branding campaign than Coke or Pepsi, says Nancy F. Koehn, professor of business administration at Harvard Business School (Rodgers, 2001). Red Bull is building a beverage brand without relying on the essential equipment of a mass-marketing campaign. Perhaps the indispensable tools of marketing arent so indispensable after all, she adds (Rogers, 2001). The main source of innovation in this case was pretty simple – as a self-funded start-up, the company could not afford a costly advertising. Additionally, Mateschitz has always believed in ‘functionality. They carefully select the sports they sponsor, the people they target and places they distribute their products to. The consumer promotions arent typical either. Red Bull invites consumers to creatively interact with the brand, by building their own ‘wings or sculptures. It makes Red Bull one of the very few bra nds that understands how precious a deep personal experience and â€Å"peers endorsement† is compared to a standard advertising campaign. Another great example of Red Bulls revolutionary approach to marketing is the fact that the company doesnt use print media, banners or billboards. Every promotion of the product needs to have a functional benefit. Even its TV spots are believed to be more amusable than educational or persuasive towards consumers. By avoiding the usual methods of marketing, the company concentrates more on what is called word-of-mouth or buzz marketing. The beauty of Red Bull is that its the antibrand brand, says Gobà ©. Red Bull doesnt have any of the commercial trappings of a traditional, off-the-shelf product. Its underground, even when its above ground, and that appeals to the young people who drink it , he adds (Rogers, 2001). Another remarkable thing about Red Bulls is its 8.3-ounce can and the fact that its the only size the company has ever offered. One size. One colour. One taste. Thats all. In such a competitive environment, its simply shocking to hear of a thriving company not keen on a constant brand extension. We are one of few companies around the world that can stay focused on one product, says Cortes in defence of Red Bulls narrow strategy. We do what we do best, he adds (Rogers, 2001). To sum up, Red Bulls revolutionary approach in contrast with ‘standard tactics has been details in the below table. Red Bull approach: Conventional approach: Positioning: Create a functional foundation; show how the drink fits into peoples way of life Create a socially aspiring image Advertising: Advertising airs only after the launch phase and plays a limited and specific role within the marketing mix Advertising launches the brand and stays the lead marketing tool Distribution: Create strong demand and limit the product availability Wild availability is used to create demand Sampling: Focus on quality and product experience Sampling is all about quantity Celebrity Sponsorship: Pursue those celebrities that are fans of Red Bull, but dont pay them Celebrity endorsement has a steep price, but gets publicity Merchandising: Controlled and limited Tchotchkes rule! Network Relationships: Treat all stakeholders as partners Vendors are lucky to work for us! Corporate Leadership: Patience and investment Clear annual volume and pr ofit objectives and fast returns Table 1: Based on: â€Å"Speed in a can† by Alex Wippenfurth, 2003, PEOPLE BEHIND THE SUCCESS Mateschitz, Red Bulls co-founder and its managing director, is undoubtedly the man behind the steering wheel in the company. In addition to his natural talent for selling, he is also known for his creativity as well as determination. Having worked in a highly competitive environment before, and conducted the initial market research, he was the one to come up with the extraordinary ideas, which implemented by a joint effort of his dedicated team, brought the company straight to the top. There is no doubt that his natural skills, innovative approach, determination and optimism paid a significant role in the companys success. Moreover, Mateschitz thrives on resistance. He is always ready to push the limits and devise spectacular new strategies that get the customers herd to events where extreme sports athletes and daredevils perform street acts. In fact, Red Bulls unconventional tactics and persistence has been evident from the beginning. To begin with, having great difficulties to launch its product in Germany, the company smartly used the rumours regarding the products potential health hazards and mystic content, by building a myth strategy. In his article â€Å"Liquid Cocaine†, journalist Jeff Edwards concludes: â€Å"the more rumours of Red Bulls potentially dangerous, over stimulating effects spread, the more the drink sells† (Edwards, 2001). In addition to that, Mateschitz strongly believed in the importance of physical consumption of his product. Therefore, the marketing strategies have been always focused on sampling and event sponsorship that match and enhance the spirit of Red Bull. â€Å"We dont bring the product to the people; we bring people to the product. We make it available and those who love our style come to us†, claims Mateschitz (Gschwandtner, 2004). Red Bulls success is also partially attributed to its internal culture. Red Bulls team embodies energy and stimulation in everything their do. It seems to be the main ‘theme which to direct and lead the companys actions. Every employee is totally on board with the current goals and challenges of the company. Red Bull thrives on its unique business structure as well. Little hierarchy – ‘management by organized chaos – as Mateschitz describes it. A fully committed team hired primarily for their passion and non conformism is ready to overcome any challenge they face. Mateschitz himself ensures to only work 3 days a week, to live the life of extreme sports his brand endorses. The unusual, personality driven leadership is also evident between the company and agencies it employs. Johannes Kastner, for instance, the head of Red Bulls ad agency, represents the strongest business relationship in its field, with the ad agency being a reliable, long-standing partner rather than dispensable merchant. ELEMENTS OD RED BULLS STRATEGIES The emphasis Red Bull places on marketing has been always extreme high the company spends around 30 percent of its annual turnover on marketing, compared with the average of 10% being spent by most of the competitors (Dolan, 2005). But what is really interesting about Red Bulls strategies is the lack of aggressive in-your-face push campaigns, price-offs, and instant ubiquity. Instead, its marketing is designed for the subconscious. One of the attractive seduction tactics the company employs is exclusivity – Red Bull makes it initially hard for the market to experience the drink. When Red Bull enters a new market, they initially select a limited number of outlets that can sell the drink. The companys sales units are totally decentralised. Each unit is responsible for sales, marketing and distribution in its own area. Sales reps insist that Red Bull be distributed exclusively by a dedicated sales force. They have a selective sales strategy as well. They target â€Å"hot s pots† in their area such as clubs and bars, shops near universities and gyms. Such a selective and individual approach has a great advantage of being fast and effective. Sampling also focuses on exclusive sub-communities and carefully selected groups. Moreover, instead of traditional advertising, Red Bull relies on a strategy of word-of-mouth or â€Å"buzz† marketing. Another extremely effective tactic with regards to product positioning and promotion happens on the streets. Red Bull makes sure its silver can is widely noticeable: * Consumer education teams drive eye-catching trucks as mobile displays, painted blue and silver with a giant can on top of the vehicle; to promote the brand as youthful and slightly ‘on the edge; * Free cans of Red Bull are also given out to people on the street who had been identified as being in need of energy. * Red Bull is also provided to DJs, empty cans would also be left on tables in hot spots such as popular clubs and pubs. But whats really intriguing and admirable about the marketing strategy is the fact that it takes place on the street, with people. Red Bull ensures that customers dont feel under pressure to experience its product in a certain way. During the sampling, for example, they always provide a full and closed can, so that the consumers can decide when and how much to try. Additionally, all Red Bulls promotions are participatory. Rather than sponsor concerts like everybody else, the company has gone much further – they created Red Bull Music Academy for aspiring DJs to participate in workshops with some top DJs in the world. The company is also strongly associated with extreme sports, more recently with prestigious F1, motorcycle racing and their own adventurous events. In that way consumers can get deeper experience of the product which keeps the brand relevant in terms of its stimulating mind, not just the body. Against the odds, Red Bull brand was directl y marketed to Generation Y, the so-called millennial who were believed to be sceptical of traditional marketing strategies. Part of the strategy involved recruiting student brand managers who would be used to promote Red Bull on university campuses and then report back to the company, providing some useful market research data. What is also extremely fascinating about the company is the fact that the Red Bulls contents are not patented, and all ingredients are clearly listed on the can. Yet, Red Bull has had achieved a leading market position in over 100 countries worldwide. Many competitors have tried to employ similar marketing strategies and tactics in order to grab sales from the market leader. Not all have been successful, of course. THREATS TO FUTURE SUCCESS The main problem Red Bull needs to deal with is the ability to maintain its incredible sales growth. In the light of the brand becoming more and more mature and the market even more saturated, the company faces some of the most serous challenges ever: * The loss of its original consumer base, as the Generation Y becomes working adults; * Health concerns, associated with high intake of caffeine, that have emerged in several countries (ban imposed in Denmark and France; classified as a medication in Norway; until recently available only in pharmacies in Japan); * The energy drinks market has attracted some of the global biggest beverage companies, such as Coca Cola and Pepsi, seeking to win a competitive advantage over the current market leader; * Red Bull is well known for its revolutionary advertising however the product could be in danger of becoming stale; * Unlike their major competitors, Red Bull is limited to one product, leaving the company with no back up prod uct to cover any potential loss; * The beverage market shows strong trends toward healthy options of soft drinks; FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS Red Bull has gone through a lot in the past two decades. Starting on a practically non-existent marketplace, today it faces extreme diversity of similar products and a significant number of competitors. Taking into account the fact that Red Bulls brand is still very strong and his market leading position not yet threatened, the company should focus its market strategies on the following objectives: †¢ Maintain the leading position According to companys figures, the product is still widely recognized (over 60% of the under 30 year old Germans can easily distinguish the brand). In general, people are happy with the product. It is the image that needs to be enhanced. As far as the price is concerned, it is recommended that it should stay the same a high price will help keep the image of a high quality product. In addition to that, some new promotion campaigns can add further value to the image. As Red Bull is a utility drink, which means it is only bought occasionally. Therefore it may be worth considering to redirect the future marketing campaign to petrol stations, off-licences, convenience stores. †¢ Expand the product Red Bull should try to extend its product range by creating further consumer needs for some other Red Bull products such as: â€Å"White Bull† which could represent soft high quality mix drink of Vodka and Red Bull. Energy bars and â€Å"mini power-size† bottles of Red Bull that will be small enough to fit into pocket; aimed at those in constant hurry. A small selection of Red Bull extraordinary sports clothes. Since the company is widely acknowledged for its extreme sports sponsorship, they should provide its fans with unique outfits. It is a great opportunity to gain some extra returns as well as attract attention through people wearing the clothes. Taking into account the â€Å"healthy† trend in the soft drink category, as well as the actions taken by the closest competitors, Red Bull should also diversify its products into â€Å"organic energy drinks† and try to create a matching â€Å"lifestyle† in order to enter a new market f or the â€Å"health-conscious consumer†. Another option for Red Bull is an expansion into new and developing countries, which may not only help to spread the name but also boost the sales. In that way, Red Bulls may again show the market hot to spread its wings†¦ REFERENCES: Energy Pumps up Soft Drinks Trade, Sunday Business Post (Ireland), 1999; Hein, K., (2001) [online] A Bulls Market Brandweek, available at https://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BDW/is_22_42/ai_75286777/, accessed 15 March 2010; Johnson, Branwell, Has the Energy Drinks Market Lost Its Fizz? Marketing Week, August 29, 2002; Potterton, L., Red Bull Gives Its Creator Financial Wings, Scotland on Sunday, 2000; Brandweek, (2001) [online] Red Bull Takes Extreme Sports by the Horns†, available at https://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BDW/is_4_42/ai_69493288, accessed 15 March 2010; Dolan K., (2005) [online] â€Å"The Soda With Buzz†, available at https://www.forbes.com/global/2005/0328/028_print.html, accessed 16 March 2010; Funding Universe, (2002) [online] Red Bull GmbH Company History, available at https://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Red-Bull-GmbH-Company-History.html, accessed 16 March 2010; History Of Red Bull Energy Drinks Soft Drink Marketing Beverages And Advertising [online], available at https://www.speedace.info/red_bull.htm, accessed 18 March 2010; Ingram F., [online] Red Bull GmbH, International Directory of Company Histories, available at https://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5202/is_1989/ai_n19121811/, accessed 15 March 2010; Forbes (2008), [online] The Worlds Billionaires, available at https://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/10/billionaires08_The-Worlds Billionaires_CountryOfPrmRes.html, accessed 16 March 2010; Gschwandtner, G., (2004) [online] â€Å"The Powerful Sales Strategy Behind RedBull Selling Power† available at https://www.redbull.com/images/historysection/ pdf/1/Selling_Power_DM_Sept.pdf, accessed 18 March 2010; Keller, K., (2004) [online] â€Å"Building brand equity in non-traditional ways†, available at https://www.coolbrandsstorytelling.org/dmdocuments/expert_cases/ECRedbull.pdf, accessed 14 March 2010; Kumar, H.K., Linguri, L.S., Tavassoli, N.T., (2004) [onlin e] â€Å"Red Bull The anti-brand†, London Business School, available at https://www.redbull.com/#page=CompanyPage.AsTimeGoesBy, accessed 10 March 2010; Rodgers A., (2001) [online] Its a (Red) Bull Market After All, Fast Company, available at https://www.fastcompany.com/articles/2001/10/redbull.html, accessed 19 March 2010; Edwards J., (2001) [online] â€Å"Liquid cocaine†, available at https://www.salon.com/technology/feature/2001/02/02/red_bull, accessed 19 March 2010;